HJNO Nov/Dec 2024

66 NOV / DEC 2024 I  HEALTHCARE JOURNAL OF NEW ORLEANS ONCOLOGY DIAL GUE COLUMN ONCOLOGY Introduction Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) represents one of the most significant advancements in the field of oncology, fundamentally changing how we approach cancer management. As a biomarker that provides real-time insights into the genetic status of tumors, ctDNA is paving the way for more personalized and effective cancer care. This article aims to offer a comprehensive overview of ctDNA, detailing its prognostic and predictive advantages while catering to oncologists, cancer researchers, and patients. By focusing on its applications in monitoring cancer recurrence and guiding treatment decisions, we can better appreciate the transformative impact of this innovative technology on patient outcomes and overall cancer management. EMPOWERING PRECISION MEDICINE: The Role of Circulating Tumor DNA in Personalized Cancer Care What is circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA)? Circulating tumor DNA consists of small fragments of DNA that are shed into the bloodstream by dying or necrotic cancer cells. These fragments carry genetic information that reflects the mutations and alterations present within the tumor, providing a dynamic snapshot of its genetic landscape. Unlike traditional biopsy methods, which often involve invasive procedures to obtain tissue samples from the tumor site, ctDNA can be detected through a simple blood draw. This non- invasive approach minimizes patient discomfort and increases accessibility for a broader range of patients, including those who may be unable or unwilling to undergo surgical procedures. The importance of ctDNA extends beyond convenience; it offers unique advantages in cancer diagnostics. For instance, it can reveal genetic changes over time, reflecting tumor evolution and resistance mechanisms. As a result, ctDNA is becoming an invaluable tool for clinical decision-making and research, driving more effective cancer management strategies. Key benefits and applications 1. Emerging tool in cancer diagnostics The realm of ctDNA analysis is rapidly evolving, withdiscoveries enhancing its role in cancer diagnostics. By analyzing these DNA fragments, healthcare professionals can gain profound insights into the tumor’s genetic makeup. This capability allows for: • Identifying specific mutations: Certain mutations may be associated with